How to Calculate Time and a Half Pay (Tax & FICA)

The math for time and a half is simple: regular rate × 1.5 × overtime hours. But when you ask ‘‘what will I actually take home,’’ the answer is much smaller. Federal income tax, FICA (Social Security and Medicare), and state and local taxes all come out of your overtime pay just like your regular wages. This guide walks through how to calculate time and a half pay step by step, starting with the gross figure and working down to the cash that actually hits your bank account.

Who Qualifies for Time and a Half?

Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), most non-exempt employees must be paid time and a half for hours worked over 40 in a workweek. That rule has a few important limits:

The federal threshold is weekly, not daily. Overtime is triggered by hours over 40 in a workweek, not by a long single day, unless state law says otherwise.
Some states add daily overtime. California is the best-known example: time and a half after 8 hours in a day, and double time after 12 hours in a day.
Federal law does not require time and a half for federal holidays. Many employers pay it as a policy, but it is not an FLSA requirement.
Exempt employees are not entitled to overtime. Executives, certain administrators, and certain professionals who meet the exemption tests do not earn time and a half, even for long weeks.

Step 1: Calculate Your Gross Time and a Half

The first step is the same formula every overtime calculation uses:

Time and a half rate = Regular hourly rate × 1.5

Gross overtime pay = Time and a half rate × Overtime hours worked

For example, a worker earning $25 per hour who works 6 hours of overtime has:

Time and a half rate: $25 × 1.5 = $37.50
Gross overtime pay: $37.50 × 6 = $225

This $225 is the gross amount before any deductions. It is what shows on your paycheck as ‘‘overtime earnings.’’ The take-home is lower after taxes and FICA.

Salaried Non-Exempt Workers: Finding Your Regular Rate

Being paid a salary does not automatically make you exempt. If you are a non-exempt salaried employee, first convert your salary to an hourly regular rate, then apply time and a half to that rate.

Hourly regular rate = Annual salary divided by (standard hours per week x 52).

For example, a salaried employee earning $52,000 a year who works a standard 40-hour week has an hourly regular rate of $52,000 divided by (40 x 52) = $25.00. The time and a half rate is $25.00 x 1.5 = $37.50, so 5 overtime hours are worth $37.50 x 5 = $187.50.

Many higher-paid salaried workers are exempt, so check the exemption tests above before applying this method.

Step 2: Subtract Federal Income Tax

Federal income tax comes off your overtime pay at one of two rates, depending on how your employer handles withholding:

Regular wages method: The overtime is added to your standard pay for the period, and federal income tax is withheld based on your W-4 elections and the IRS tax tables.
Supplemental wages method: Many employers use a flat 22% federal withholding rate for irregular overtime payments. This is the IRS default for supplemental wages.

For our $225 overtime example, federal income tax withholding is approximately:

At the 22% supplemental rate: $225 × 0.22 = $49.50
At a typical 12% effective rate for moderate earners: $225 × 0.12 = $27

The IRS publishes current federal income tax brackets and the supplemental wages rate at irs.gov. Note that withholding is not the same as your final tax liability; any over-withholding gets refunded when you file your annual return.

Step 3: Subtract FICA

FICA (Federal Insurance Contributions Act) covers Social Security and Medicare. Both apply to your overtime pay at fixed rates:

Social Security: 6.2% of wages up to the annual wage base ($184,500 in 2026)
Medicare: 1.45% of all wages, with no cap
Additional Medicare: 0.9% on wages above $200,000 (single) or $250,000 (married filing jointly)

For typical earners below the Social Security wage base, FICA on $225 of overtime is:

Social Security: $225 × 0.062 = $13.95
Medicare: $225 × 0.0145 = $3.26
Total FICA: $17.21

The Social Security Administration at ssa.gov publishes the current wage base and FICA rates each year.

Step 4: Subtract State and Local Income Tax

State income tax is the most variable piece. Nine states have no individual income tax (Texas, Florida, Washington, Nevada, Tennessee, South Dakota, Wyoming, Alaska, New Hampshire). The other 41 states impose rates ranging from about 2% to over 13%.

Local income tax is rare but exists in cities like New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and a few others. Where it applies, it can add another 1% to 4% to your effective rate.

For our $225 overtime example:

In Texas: $0 state tax, $0 local tax
In California (at a 9.3% marginal rate): $225 × 0.093 ≈ $20.93
In NYC (NY state 6.85% plus NYC city 3.876%): $225 × 0.10726 ≈ $24.13

The Tax Foundation maintains a state-by-state comparison at taxfoundation.org.

A Worked Example: $400 Overtime to Take-Home

Let’s calculate the take-home on $400 of gross overtime pay for a single filer earning $60,000 per year, before this overtime payment, in three different states.

Texas (no state income tax):

Federal income tax (22% supplemental): $88
Social Security: $24.80
Medicare: $5.80
State tax: $0
Total deductions: $118.60
Take-home: approximately $281.40

California (9.3% state marginal):

Federal, Social Security, Medicare: $118.60
State tax: $400 × 0.093 = $37.20
Total deductions: $155.80
Take-home: approximately $244.20

NYC (full four-layer stack):

Federal, Social Security, Medicare: $118.60
NY state tax: $400 × 0.0685 = $27.40
NYC city tax: $400 × 0.03876 = $15.50
Total deductions: $161.50
Take-home: approximately $238.50

The same $400 of gross overtime pay produces a take-home that ranges from $238.50 in NYC

to $281.40 in Texas, depending on jurisdiction.

More Worked Examples

Retail Sunday: Emma earns $16 per hour. In a week when she works 40 regular hours plus 6 hours on Sunday, for 46 hours in total, her regular pay is $16 x 40 = $640. The 6 Sunday hours are overtime hours, paid at $16 x 1.5 = $24 per hour, or $144. Her total gross pay for the week is $640 + $144 = $784.

Healthcare holiday: Marcus earns $32 per hour and works a 12-hour holiday shift. His hospital pays time and a half for federal holidays as a policy, so his holiday earnings are $32 x 1.5 x 12 = $576. Federal law does not require this holiday premium; it is an employer policy.

California daily overtime: Carlos earns $20 per hour and works a 10-hour Tuesday in California. The first 8 hours are paid at $20, or $160, and hours 9 and 10 are paid at the time and a half rate of $30, or $60. His total for the day is $220, even though his weekly total has not yet passed 40 hours, because California overtime is triggered daily as well as weekly.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Using the wrong base rate. Your regular rate includes all compensation, such as hourly wages plus bonuses and shift differentials, not just your stated hourly rate.
Confusing weekly with daily rules. Federal overtime is triggered by hours over 40 in a workweek, not by a long single day, unless state law, such as California daily overtime, adds a daily rule.
Multiplying by 0.5 instead of 1.5. Time and a half is the entire enhanced rate for overtime hours, 1.5 times your normal rate, not just the extra half.

Conclusion

When you calculate time and a half pay end to end, the gross figure (regular rate × 1.5 × overtime hours) is just the starting point. Federal income tax, FICA, and state and local taxes all come off the top, leaving a take-home that’s roughly 60% to 75% of the gross for most US workers. The calculator linked above runs all four layers automatically based on your state, filing status, and income level.

How to Calculate Time and a Half Pay (Including Taxes and FICA)